Developmental Pattern of Acquiring the Persian Object Marker "rā": Error Analysis and Learning Trajectory

Listening skill is one of the most important skills in the Persian language. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to benefit from the comparison of the indicators of communicative and, audio- lingual approaches with each other, and it focuses on what methods each approach has in preparing the listening skill lesson plan and strengthening it. The theoretical framework of this research was based on the concept of complexity. To compare these two approaches, two lesson plans made by the researcher, according to the indicators of communication and, audio- lingual approach, based on the principles of content preparation and editing, its design and validity were examined by experts in the field of teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers. Then, a questionnaire inspired by the concept of evaluation of educational materials by McDonough, Shaw, and Michael, which was the tool of the present research, was designed and localized as much as possible. The statistical sample of this research was 31 specialists in teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers who completed the questionnaire and collected the research data. Based on the analyzed data, it was concluded that there is no significant difference between the communicative approach and the audio- lingual approach, and along with the progress of the language ability of Persian students, to strengthen listening skills, the communicative approach will be more prominent, and the audio- lingual approach will be less prominent. Thus, the necessity and importance of both educational approaches in teaching listening skills were proved in this research. It was also found that the listening activity based on the concept of complexity is the primary indicator in the communication approach; that is, the value of communication is higher than grammatical lexical processes and parts of speech. In the end, by comparing these two educational approaches, it was found that although in some cases, the audio- lingual approach has a significant effect on the listening skill, other indicators make the communication approach important. Keywords: listening skill, audio- lingual approach, communication approach, the concept of complexity